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GST Return Filing
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Overview

GST (Goods and Services Tax) is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax levied on every value addition in India. It replaced various indirect taxes like VAT, service tax, excise duty, and others to create a single, unified tax system.

Key Features of GST:
  1. Unified Tax Structure: GST subsumes all indirect taxes and brings uniformity across India.
  2. Multi-Stage Tax: GST is applied at every stage of the supply chain, from production to sale, with credit for tax paid at earlier stages (input tax credit).
  3. Destination-Based: The tax is collected at the point of consumption, not the point of origin.
  4. Four Tax Slabs: GST has different rates—5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%, based on the type of goods and services.

Benefits of GST:

  • Simplifies the tax system by eliminating multiple indirect taxes.
  • Reduces tax cascading by allowing input tax credit, lowering the cost of goods and services.
  • Encourages compliance with a uniform tax rate and structure.

Requirement

  • Annual Turnover Threshold: Businesses with an aggregate turnover exceeding ₹20 lakhs (₹10 lakhs for northeastern and special category states) in a financial year must register for GST.
  • Inter-State Businesses: Any business involved in supplying goods or services across state borders, regardless of turnover, must register for GST.
  • E-Commerce Operators: Platforms like Amazon or Flipkart and sellers using such platforms must register.
  • Casual Taxable Persons: Individuals or businesses conducting occasional taxable transactions, like seasonal businesses, must also register.
  • Service Providers: Service providers earning more than ₹20 lakhs per year are required to register for GST.
  • Non-Resident Taxable Persons: Non-residents conducting taxable transactions in India must obtain GST registration.
  • Compulsory Registration: Entities involved in reverse charge mechanism, input service distributors, and TDS deductors must also register.

Types

1. CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax)
  • Collected by: Central Government.
  • Applicable on: Intra-state supply of goods and services (transactions within the same state).
  • Purpose: Revenue goes to the Central Government.
  • Example: If a business in Delhi sells goods to a customer in Delhi, CGST will be charged along with SGST.
2. SGST (State Goods and Services Tax)
  • Collected by: State Government.
  • Applicable on: Intra-state supply of goods and services.
  • Purpose: Revenue goes to the State Government.
  • Example: In the same Delhi-to-Delhi sale, SGST will be applied along with CGST.
3. IGST (Integrated Goods and Services Tax)
  • Collected by: Central Government.
  • Applicable on: Inter-state supply of goods and services (transactions between two states or union territories) and imports/exports.
  • Purpose: Revenue is shared between the Central and State Governments.
  • Example: If a business in Maharashtra sells goods to a customer in Karnataka, IGST will be charged.
4. UTGST (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax)
  • Collected by: Union Territory Administration.
  • Applicable on: Supply of goods and services in Union Territories without a legislature (e.g., Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep).
  • Purpose: Revenue goes to the Union Territory.
  • Example: A sale occurring in Andaman will have UTGST and CGST applied.
Key Differences:
  • CGST and SGST are applied for transactions within the same state.
  • IGST is applied for transactions between two different states.
  • UTGST is similar to SGST but applies to Union Territories.

Document

  • PAN Card: Personal PAN for individuals, and entity’s PAN for businesses.
  • Proof of Business Address: Rental agreement, utility bills, or property tax receipt.
  • Bank Account Details: Cancelled cheque or bank statement.
  • Identity Proof of Promoters/Partners: Aadhaar card, passport, or voter ID.
  • Photograph: Passport-sized photo of the business owner or partners.
  • Business Constitution Documents: Partnership deed, incorporation certificate, or registration proof of the business.
Sample Certificate
GST Certificate

FAQs

GST return filing involves submitting a summary of a taxpayer’s sales, purchases, tax collected, and tax paid to the government through prescribed forms on the GST portal.

Every GST-registered person, including regular businesses, composition taxpayers, and e-commerce operators, must file GST returns. Even if there are no transactions, filing a nil return is mandatory.

  • GSTR-1: Monthly/quarterly return for outward supplies (sales).
  • GSTR-3B: Monthly summary return of sales, purchases, and tax liability.
  • GSTR-4: Quarterly return for composition scheme taxpayers.
  • GSTR-9: Annual return summarizing all GST transactions for the year.
  • GSTR-10: Final return after cancellation of GST registration.
  • GSTR-1: Monthly for businesses with turnover above ₹5 crores; quarterly for those below ₹5 crores.
  • GSTR-3B: Monthly for all regular taxpayers.
  • Composition taxpayers: File GSTR-4 quarterly.
  • GSTR-9: Annual return, filed once a year.

 

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